危险废物贮存设施（危废暂存间）建设指南

　　Guidelines for the Construction of Hazardous Waste Storage Facilities (Hazardous Waste Temporary Storage Rooms)

　　危废暂存间的选址应严格遵守《危险废物贮存污染控制标准》（GB18597-2023）等相关法规，确保远离居民区、水源地、农田等敏感目标，避免对环境和人类健康造成威胁。同时，应根据危废的种类、数量及转运需求，合理规划暂存间的布局，确保方便危废的收集、暂存和转运。设计与建设

　　The location of hazardous waste temporary storage rooms should strictly comply with relevant regulations such as the "Pollution Control Standards for Hazardous Waste Storage" (GB18597-2023), ensuring that they are far away from sensitive targets such as residential areas, water sources, and farmland, and avoiding threats to the environment and human health. At the same time, the layout of the temporary storage room should be reasonably planned based on the types, quantities, and transportation needs of hazardous waste to ensure convenient collection, temporary storage, and transportation of hazardous waste. Design and Construction

　　危废暂存间应采用坚固耐用、防腐蚀、防渗漏的材料建造，如钢筋混凝土结构或钢结构加防腐涂层。墙体、地面及顶部均需采取防渗措施，以防止危废中的有害物质渗透至地下或空气中。地面应进行硬化处理并涂覆至少2mm高的环氧树脂，防止渗漏和腐蚀。此外，暂存间应设计为密闭空间，配备上锁防盗设施，确保危废的安全贮存。暂存间的容积应根据危废的产生量、种类及贮存周期进行合理设计，确保能够容纳所有类型的危废并留有适当的空间进行设备安装和操作。同时，应设置必要的通风、照明、消防等设施，确保暂存间的安全运行。根据危险废物的特性和贮存形式，贮存设施可分为贮存库、贮存场、贮存池、贮存罐区和贮存点五类，每类都要满足特定的污染控制要求。

　　The hazardous waste temporary storage room should be constructed using sturdy, durable, corrosion-resistant, and leak proof materials, such as reinforced concrete structures or steel structures with anti-corrosion coatings. Walls, floors, and ceilings must be equipped with anti-seepage measures to prevent harmful substances from hazardous waste from penetrating underground or into the air. The ground should be hardened and coated with at least 2mm high epoxy resin to prevent leakage and corrosion. In addition, the temporary storage room should be designed as a closed space, equipped with locking and anti-theft facilities to ensure the safe storage of hazardous waste. The volume of the temporary storage room should be designed reasonably according to the amount, type, and storage period of hazardous waste, ensuring that it can accommodate all types of hazardous waste and leave appropriate space for equipment installation and operation. At the same time, necessary ventilation, lighting, fire protection and other facilities should be installed to ensure the safe operation of the temporary storage room. According to the characteristics and storage forms of hazardous waste, storage facilities can be divided into five categories: storage warehouses, storage yards, storage pools, storage tank areas, and storage points, each of which must meet specific pollution control requirements.

　　贮存点贮存点应具备防风、防雨、防晒、防流失和防扬散等措施，可设置贮存设施标识，应采用隔板或者警戒线等明显区域边界进行隔离。贮存的危险废物必须置于容器或者包装物中，采取托盘等装置，达到防渗、防漏的效果，张贴危废标签，配备相应的应急物资，实时最大贮存量不可超过3吨。贮存库隔离措施：不同的贮存分区之间应采取隔离措施，如过道、隔板或隔墙，避免混存风险。液体泄漏堵截设施：如果贮存液态危废或者可能产生渗滤液的危废，一定要配备液体泄漏堵截设施和渗滤液收集设施。泄漏堵截设施的最小容积应选对应区域最大液态废物容器容积和液态废物总储量1/10中更大的那个；渗滤液收集设施的容积要能满足实际收集需要。气体收集与净化设施：对于容易产生粉尘、挥发性有机物（VOCs）、酸雾等有害气体的危废，贮存库要安装气体收集装置和净化设施，排气筒高度要符合《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297-1996）。

　　Storage points should have measures to prevent wind, rain, sun, loss, and scattering. Storage facility signs can be set up, and clear area boundaries such as partitions or warning lines should be used for isolation. The stored hazardous waste must be placed in containers or packaging materials, using trays and other devices to achieve anti-seepage and leak proof effects. Hazardous waste labels should be affixed, corresponding emergency supplies should be provided, and the maximum real-time storage capacity should not exceed 3 tons. Storage isolation measures: Isolation measures should be taken between different storage zones, such as corridors, partitions, or walls, to avoid the risk of mixed storage. Liquid leakage interception facilities: If storing liquid hazardous waste or hazardous waste that may produce leachate, liquid leakage interception facilities and leachate collection facilities must be equipped. The minimum volume of leak containment facilities should be selected based on the larger of the maximum liquid waste container volume in the corresponding area and 1/10 of the total liquid waste storage capacity; The volume of the leachate collection facility should be able to meet the actual collection needs. Gas collection and purification facilities: For hazardous waste that is prone to producing harmful gases such as dust, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), acid mist, etc., gas collection devices and purification facilities should be installed in the storage warehouse, and the height of the exhaust pipe should comply with the Comprehensive Emission Standards for Air Pollutants (GB16297-1996).

　　贮存场具有顶棚(盖)的半开放式贮存设施。径流疏导系统：要设置径流疏导系统，保证能挡住当地重现期不小于25年的暴雨，防止雨水流进贮存区或者冲淋到危废。液体导流和收集设施：可以整体或者分区设计液体导流和收集设施，设施容积要能在最不利的情况下装下对应贮存区域产生的渗滤液、废水等液态物质。防渗处理：要采取措施防止危废扬散、流失；如果危废直接接触地面，基础必须做防渗处理，可以用至少1米厚的黏土层（渗透系数不大于10??cm/s），或者至少2毫米厚的高密度聚乙烯膜等人工防渗材料（渗透系数不大于10???cm/s），也可以用其他防渗性能差不多的材料。

　　The storage facility is a semi open storage facility with a roof (cover). Runoff diversion system: a runoff diversion system shall be set to ensure that the local rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years can be blocked and prevent rainwater from flowing into the storage area or washing hazardous wastes. Liquid diversion and collection facilities: Liquid diversion and collection facilities can be designed as a whole or in zones, with a capacity that can accommodate liquid substances such as leachate and wastewater generated in the corresponding storage area under the most unfavorable conditions. Anti seepage treatment: measures should be taken to prevent the dispersion and loss of hazardous waste; If hazardous waste comes into direct contact with the ground, the foundation must be treated with anti-seepage measures. This can be achieved by using a clay layer at least 1 meter thick (with a permeability coefficient not exceeding 10 cm/s), or artificial anti-seepage materials such as high-density polyethylene film at least 2 millimeters thick (with a permeability coefficient not exceeding 10 cm/s), or other materials with similar anti-seepage performance.

　　贮存池防渗层：防渗层要覆盖整个池体，还要延伸到基础，确保不会渗漏。雨水与地面径流防护：要采取措施防止雨水、地面径流进入，能挡住重现期不小于25年的暴雨。废气治理设施：要减少大气污染物的无组织排放，有必要的话要配备废气治理设施。贮存罐区围堰设置：罐体必须放在围堰里，围堰要能满足防渗、防腐的性能要求。围堰容积：围堰的容积至少要能装下区内最大贮存罐意外泄漏时的全部危废量。废液废水处理：围堰里收集的废液、废水和初期雨水要及时处理，不能直接排放。

　　Storage tank anti-seepage layer: The anti-seepage layer should cover the entire tank body and extend to the foundation to ensure no leakage. Rainwater and surface runoff protection: measures shall be taken to prevent rainwater and surface runoff from entering, which can block the rainstorm with a return period of not less than 25 years. Waste gas treatment facilities: To reduce the unorganized emissions of air pollutants, it is necessary to equip waste gas treatment facilities if necessary. Storage tank area cofferdam setting: The tank must be placed inside the cofferdam, which must meet the performance requirements of anti-seepage and anti-corrosion. Capacity of the cofferdam: The capacity of the cofferdam should be able to accommodate at least the entire amount of hazardous waste in case of accidental leakage from the largest storage tank in the area. Waste liquid and wastewater treatment: The waste liquid, wastewater, and initial rainwater collected in the cofferdam should be treated in a timely manner and cannot be directly discharged.

　　环境保护与安全措施

　　Environmental protection and safety measures

　　防渗漏措施：地面应进行硬化处理并涂覆高密度环氧树脂，防止渗漏和腐蚀。化学性质不相容的危废应分隔堆放，并设置完整的不渗透墙体作为间隔。

　　Anti leakage measures: The ground should be hardened and coated with high-density epoxy resin to prevent leakage and corrosion. Hazardous wastes with incompatible chemical properties should be separated and stacked, and complete impermeable walls should be set up as intervals.

　　泄漏液体收集装置：暂存间内应设置防泄漏收集导流沟渠，导流沟连接至收集池内。收集池容积不低于最大容器的最大量或储量的五分之一。

　　Leakage liquid collection device: An anti leakage collection diversion ditch should be set up in the temporary storage room, and the diversion ditch should be connected to the collection pool. The volume of the collection pool shall not be less than one-fifth of the maximum capacity or storage capacity of the largest container.

　　气体净化装置：对于可能产生有害气体的危废，应安装气体净化装置，确保废气排放符合《大气污染物综合排放标准》（GB16297）和《挥发性有机物无组织排放控制标准》（GB 37822）的要求。

　　Gas purification device: For hazardous waste that may generate harmful gases, a gas purification device should be installed to ensure that the exhaust emissions comply with the requirements of the Comprehensive Emission Standard of Air Pollutants (GB16297) and the Unorganized Emission Control Standard of Volatile Organic Compounds (GB 37822).

　　监控系统：危险废物仓库内及出入口处需设置监控系统，确保暂存间的安全。

　　Monitoring system: A monitoring system should be installed inside the hazardous waste warehouse and at the entrance and exit to ensure the safety of the temporary storage room.

　　安全照明与防爆设施：仓库内应设置安全照明设施，灯具、线路设施需满足防爆要求。

　　Safety lighting and explosion-proof facilities: Safety lighting facilities should be installed in the warehouse, and lighting fixtures and wiring facilities should meet explosion-proof requirements.

　　应急物资：仓库内应配备与环境事故风险相对应的应急物资，如灭火器、吸附材料等。

　　Emergency supplies: The warehouse should be equipped with emergency supplies corresponding to environmental accident risks, such as fire extinguishers, absorbent materials, etc.

　　标识与标牌：按照规范要求张贴或悬挂危废二维码标签，设置明显的标识和标牌，标明危废的种类、危害和注意事项等信息，提醒人们注意安全。

　　Identification and signage: Post or hang hazardous waste QR code labels in accordance with regulatory requirements, set up clear identification and signage, indicate the types, hazards, and precautions of hazardous waste, and remind people to pay attention to safety.

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